Use these up-to-date tables to learn about the moons of the solar system, including the plethora of Jupiter’s moons and the weird menagerie of Saturn’s moons.

Pandora, a moon of Saturn
Cassini snapped this image of Saturn's moon Pandora on December 21, 2016, from a range of 25,200 miles (40,500 kilometers).
NASA / JPL / Space Science Institute

Discovering a new moon in the solar system used to be a rare event. After Gerard Kuiper found Miranda, a moon of Uranus, in 1948 and Seth Nicholson found Ananke, a moon of Jupiter, in 1951, the total count of natural planetary satellites stood at 31: Jupiter's moons numbered 12, followed by the moons of Saturn (9), Uranus (5), Neptune (2), Mars (2), and Earth (1). (Notably, Mercury and Venus are the only planets in the solar system that do not have moons.)

In the ensuing three decades, finding solar system moons largely fell to NASA spacecraft. After Voyager 2's flyby of Neptune in 1989, the total number of solar system moons had nearly doubled to 60. However, the advent of sensitive electronic cameras has put ground-based observers back in the driver's seat, resulting in several dozens of finds over the past few years.

Indeed, some of the new objects are so small, only a few kilometers across, that they stretch the traditional notion of what constitutes a "moon." Sometimes faint objects appear fleetingly in images and are never seen again; others require patient follow-up observations over months or years to confirm that they orbit a planet.

While comets bear the surname(s) of their discoverer(s), and observers retain naming rights for asteroids, those who spot planetary moons must yield naming privilege to the International Astronomical Union. By convention, the IAU does not name a satellite until its orbit is known precisely — a threshold sometimes not reached until decades after the initial discovery.

Hyperion, a moon of Saturn
Hyperion, a porous, almost loufa-like moon of Saturn was imaged during a close flyby of NASA's Cassini spacecraft.
NASA / ESA

The following tables contain all the known moons of the solar system, including the dozens of moons circling Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. As of March 2023, the count stood at 232, distributed as follows: Earth 1, Mars 2, Jupiter 95, Saturn 83, Uranus 27, Neptune 14. Among the IAU-approved dwarf planets: Pluto 5, Haumea 2, Makemake 1, Gonggong 1, Eris 1.

In the table below, the diameter of each satellite and the orbital distance from its planet’s center (semimajor axis) are in kilometers; eccentricity is the elongation of the satellite’s orbit; and inclination is the tilt of its orbit plane, in degrees, with respect to the planet’s equatorial plane (for inner moons and dwarf planets) or the ecliptic plane (for outer moons). Names of “lost” objects are shown in italics.

Moons of Earth and Mars


Planet/

Satellite
Diameter
(km)
Visual
magnitude
Distance
(km)
Orbital
period (days)
Eccen-
tricity
Inclina-
tion (°)
EARTH      
     Moon3,474–12.7384,40027.30.0555.1
MARS      
     Phobos2211.49,3800.30.0151.1
     Deimos1212.523,4601.30.0001.8

Moons of Jupiter


Satellite
Diameter
(km)
Visual
magnitude
Distance
(km)
Orbital
period (days)
Eccen-
tricity
Inclina-
tion (°)
Metis4417.5128,0000.30.0000.0
Adrastea1618.7129,0000.30.0000.0
Amalthea16814.1181,4000.50.0030.4
Thebe9816.0221,9000.70.0181.1
Io3,6435.0421,8001.80.0040.0
Europa3,1225.3671,1003.50.0090.5
Ganymede5,2624.61,070,4007.20.0010.2
Callisto4,8215.71,882,70016.70.0070.3
Themisto921.07,398,500130.00.34043.8
Leda1820.211,146,400241.00.16228.6
Ersa322.911,401,000249.20.11629.1
Himalia16014.811,440,600250.60.16028.1
S/2018 J2316.511,467,500250.90.11829.4
Pandia323.011,481,000251.90.17929.0
Lysithea3818.211,700,800259.20.11727.2
Elara7816.611,712,300259.60.21127.9
S/2011 J3316.311,797,200261.80.17628.7
Dia422.412,260,300287.20.23229.0
S/2018 J4223.616,504,300433.20.05753.2
Carpo323.017,042,300456.30.41653.2
Valetudo124.018,694,200527.60.21734.5
Euporie223.119,265,800550.70.148145.7
S/2003 J18223.420,336,300598.10.090145.3
S/2021 J1223.620,667,200607.00.246149.8
Eupheme223.420,768,600616.70.241148.0
S/2010 J2123.920,793,000618.80.248148.1
S/2016 J1124.020,802,600618.50.232144.7
Mneme223.320,821,000620.10.247148.0
Euanthe322.820,827,000620.40.239148.0
S/2003 J16223.320,882,600622.90.243148.0
Harpalyke422.220,892,100623.30.232147.7
Orthosie223.120,901,000622.60.299144.3
S/2022 J3124.120,912,400617.80.272144.5
Helike422.620,915,700626.30.153154.4
Praxidike721.220,935,400625.40.246148.3
S/2017 J3223.420,941,000625.60.231147.9
S/2003 J12123.920,963,100627.20.235150.0
S/2017 J7223.620,964,800626.60.233147.3
Thelxinoe223.520,976,000628.00.228150.6
Thyone422.320,978,000627.20.233147.5
S/2003 J2223.220,997,700628.80.225150.2
Ananke2818.921,034,500629.80.237147.6
Iocaste521.821,066,700631.60.227148.8
Hermippe422.121,108,500633.90.219150.2
S/2021 J 2123.721,140,600628.00.341150.1
S/2021 J 3223.621,495,700643.80.356150.1
S/2017 J9322.821,768,700666.10.200155.5
S/2022 J1223.122,015,500667.30.191165.4
S/2016 J3223.622,213,500676.40.236164.1
S/2022 J2124.122,413,200685.50.182165.4
Philophrosyne223.522,604,600702.50.229146.3
S/2018 J3123.722,826,600704.60.273164.9
S/2021 J5223.622,831,800704.80.200163.2
Pasithee223.222,846,700719.50.270164.6
S/2017 J812422,849,500719.80.255164.8
S/2003 J24223.822,887,400721.60.259164.5
Eurydome322.722,899,000717.30.294149.1
S/2011 J2123.622,909,200718.30.355151.9
S/2003 J4223.022,926,500718.10.328148.2
Chaldene422.522,930,500723.70.265164.7
S/2021 J4123.722,946,700710.10.159149.6
S/2017 J2223.522,953,200724.70.272164.5
Isonoe422.522,981,300726.30.249164.8
Kallichore223.723,021,800728.30.252164.8
Erinome322.823,032,900728.50.276164.4
Kale223.023,052,600729.60.262164.6
Eirene422.523,055,800729.80.258164.6
Aitne322.723,064,400730.10.277164.6
Eukelade422.623,067,400730.30.277164.6
Arche322.823,097,800731.90.261164.6
Taygete521.923,108,000732.40.253164.7
S/2016 J4223.623,113,800727.00.294147.1
S/2011 J1223.723,124,500733.20.271164.6
Carme4617.923,144.400734.20.256164.6
Herse223.423,150,500734.50.262164.4
S/2003 J19223.723,156,400734.80.265164.7
S/2010 J1223.323,189,800736.50.252164.5
S/2003 J9123.723,199,400736.90.263164.8
S/2017 J5223.523,206,200737.30.257164.8
S/2017 J6223.523,245,300734.00.336149.7
Kalyke521.823,302,600742.00.260164.8
Hegemone322.823,348,700739.80.358152.6
S/2021 J6223.723,427,200732.60.363166.5
Pasiphae5816.923,468,200743.60.412148.4
Sponde223.023,543.300748.30.322149.3
S/2003 J10223.623,576.300755.40.264164.4
Megaclite621.723,644,600752.90.421149.8
Cyllene223.223,654,700752.00.419146.8
Sinope3818.323,683,900758.90.264157.3
S/2017 J1223.823,744,800756.40.328145.8
Aoede422.523,778,200761.50.436155.7
Autonoe422.023,792,500761.00.330150.8
Callirrhoe720.823,795,500758.90.297145.1
S/2003 J23223.623,829,300760.00.313144.7
Kore223.624,205,200776.80.328141.5

Moons of Saturn


Satellite
Diameter
(km)
Visual
magnitude
Distance
(km)
Orbital
period (days)
Eccen-
tricity
Inclina-
tion (°)
S/2009 S10.328.0117,0000.50.0000.0
Pan2819.4133,6000.60.0000.0
Daphnis724.0136,5000.60.0000.0
Atlas3218.5137,7000.60.0010.0
Prometheus8615.8139,4000.60.0020.0
Pandora8116.4141,7000.60.0040.1
Epimetheus11315.6151,4000.70.0200.3
Janus17814.4151,5000.70.0070.2
Aegaeon0.525.0167,5000.80.0000.0
Mimas39712.8185,6000.90.0201.6
Methone323.0194,7001.00.0000.0
Anthe124.0198,1001.00.0020.0
Pallene423.0212,3001.20.0040.2
Enceladus49911.8238,4001.40.0050.0
Tethys1,06010.2295,0001.90.0011.1
Telesto2518.5295,0001.90.0011.2
Calypso2118.7295,0001.90.0011.5
Polydeuces423.0377,6002.70.0190.2
Helene3118.4377,6002.70.0070.2
Dione1,11810.4377,7002.70.0020.0
Rhea1,5289.6527,2004.50.0010.3
Titan5,1508.41,221,90016.00.0290.3
Hyperion28314.41,481,50021.30.1050.6
Iapetus1,43611.03,561,70079.30.0287.6
S/2019 S1625.111,244,000445.60.54146.7
Kiviuq1422.011,307,300449.10.18248.9
Ijiraq1022.611,344,600451.50.35349.2
Phoebe22016.412,929,400550.30.164175.2
Paaliaq1921.314,997,300687.00.38447.1
Skathi623.615,575,100728.10.265149.7
S/2007 S2624.415,939,700754.90.232175.6
S/2004 S37425.115,940,500754.50.446159.3
Albiorix2620.516,329,100783.50.47038.9
Bebhionn624.117,028,900834.90.48237.4
S/2004 S29424.917,063,900837.80.48538.6
S/2004 S31424.917,495,400866.20.20248.3
Erriapus923.017,507,200871.10.46238.7
Skoll624.517,625,700878.40.470158.4
Tarqeq723.917,748,200885.00.11949.7
Siarnaq3220.117,880,800895.90.31148.2
Greip425.118,206,000921.20.326179.8
Tarvos1322.118,215,200926.40.52838.6
Hyrrokkin823.518,342,600931.90.331150.3
S/2004 S13624.518,455,800942.60.266168.9
Mundilfari623.818,590,300952.90.210168.4
S/2006 S1624.618,745,600964.20.105155.2
Gridr624.419,250,7001,004.80.187163.9
Bergelmir624.219,269,1001,005.60.144158.7
Jarnsaxa624.719,279,7001,006.90.21163
Narvi824.019,286,5001,003.80.449143.7
Suttungr623.919,391,7001,016.70.116175.0
S/2004 S17425.219,408,1001,017.50.179167.9
S/2007 S3524.919,513,7001,026.40.162175.6
Hati624.419,697,1001,040.30.375165.0
S/2004 S12524.819,770,7001,046.10.325163.0
Eggther424.519,884,7001,052.30.157165.0
Farbauti524.720,292,5001,087.30.248157.1
Thrymr623.920,326,5001,091.80.467174.8
Bestla723.820,337,9001,087.50.461136.3
S/2004 S7624.520,435,2001,100.00.462163.3
Angrboda325.320,591,0001,114.10.216177.4
Aegir624.420,664,6001,119.30.255166.9
Beli325.420,703,8001,121.80.087157.3
Gerd325.220,947,5001,143.00.517174.4
Gunnlod425.021,141,9001,158.00.251160.4
S/2006 S3624.621,352,7001,174.70.443157.3
Skrymir424.821,448,0001,185.10.437175.6
S/2004 S28424.921,867,8001,220.80.160169.4
Alvaldi424.621,995,6001,232.20.238177.4
Kari723.922,029,7001,231.00.482153.0
Geirrod425.122,259,5001,251.10.539154.4
Fenrir425.022,331,8001,260.30.136164.3
Surtur624.822,753,8001,296.50.449168.3
Loge624.622,918,3001,311.80.192166.9
Ymir1621.722,957,1001,315.20.337173.1
S/2004 S21325.423,125,0001,325.30.409155.0
S/2004 S39225.523,195,4001,336.20.102167.1
S/2004 S24325.223,339,9001,341.30.07236.5
S/2004 S36325.323,433,6001,353,20.617152.5
Thiazzi425.023,577,5001,366.70.511158.8
S/2004 S34325.324,145,5001420.80.279168.3
Fornjot624.624,937,3001,494.00.214169.5
S/2004 S26425.026,097,1001603.90.148172.9

Moons of Uranus


Satellite
Diameter
(km)
Visual
magnitude
Distance
(km)
Orbital
period (days)
Eccen-
tricity
Inclina-
tion (°)
Cordelia4023.649,8000.30.0000.2
Ophelia2323.353,8000.40.0110.1
Bianca5122.559,2000.40.0010.2
Cressida8021.661,8000.50.0000.1
Desdemona6422.062,7000.50.0000.1
Juliet9421.164,4000.50.0010.0
Portia13520.466,1000.50.0000.0
Rosalind7221.869,9000.60.0000.0
Cupid1026.074,4000.60.0050.1
Belinda8121.575,3000.60.0000.0
Perdita4023.676,4000.60.0020
Puck16219.886,0000.80.0000.3
Mab1026.097,7000.90.0030.1
Miranda47215.8129,9001.40.0014.4
Ariel1,15813.7190,9002.50.0010.0
Umbriel1,16914.5266,0004.10.0040.1
Titania1,57813.5436,3008.70.0010.1
Oberon1,52313.7583,40013.50.0010.1
Francisco1225.04,283,000267.10.139147.4
Caliban8922.47,230,000579.70.204142.0
Stephano2024.18,004,000677.50.218143.9
Trinculo1025.48,505,000749.60.219167.1
Sycorax19020.812,180,0001,289.20.521159.3
Margaret1125.214,070,0001,648.10.67857.7
Prospero3020.816,267,0001,980.40.439151.7
Setebos3023.317,444,0002,228.70.588158.2
Ferdinand1225.120,648,0002,816.30.397169.8

Moons of Neptune


Satellite
Diameter
(km)
Visual
magnitude
Distance
(km)
Orbital
period (days)
Eccen-
tricity
Inclina-
tion (°)
Naiad7624.648,2000.30.0004.7
Thalassa9223.950,1000.30.0000.2
Despina14622.552,5000.30.0000.0
Galatea17922.462,0000.40.0000.0
Larissa17922.073,5000.60.0010.2
Hippocamp3526.5105,3001.00.0010.3
Proteus40720.3117,6001.10.0000.0
Triton2,70713.5354,8005.90.000157.3
Nereid34019.75,504,000360.10.7495.8
Halimede5424.215,753,7001,879.50.566133.8
Sao3125.422,381,4002,914.30.29948.2
Laomedeia3725.023,607,9003,179.60.41834.8
Psamathe3625.146,701,6009,110.40.451137.1
Neso4324.750,045,9009,617.80.447132.3

Moons of Pluto


Satellite
Diameter
(km)
Visual
magnitude
Distance
(km)
Orbital
period (days)
Eccen-
tricity
Inclina-
tion (°)
Charon1,18617.319,6006.40.0000.0
Styx1227.042,40020.200.0
Nix4523.448,70024.90.0000.0
Kerberos1426.057,80031.90.0000.4
Hydra4523.064,70038.50.0060.3

Moons of Other Dwarf Planets


Object/

Satellite
Diameter
(km)
Visual
magnitude
Distance
(km)
Orbital
period (days)
Eccen-
tricity
Inclina-
tion (°)
HAUMEA      
     Namaka17021.925,70018.30.249113.0
     Hiʻiaka31020.649,90049.50.051126.4
QUAOAR      
     Weywot7524.914,50012.40.1514
MAKEMAKE      
     S/2015 (136472) 117525.2>21,000>12??
GONGGONG      
     Xiangliu25026.024,00035–1000.383 or 119
ERIS      
     Dysnomia35025.637,35015.80.007142

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