Einstein Cross

Galaxies

Astronomers Spot Rare Einstein Cross — and a Massive Clump of Dark Matter

The discovery of a rare Einstein Cross — five images of the same galaxy — reveals a trillion-solar-mass dark matter clump.

Realistic naked-eye finder image for Double Cluster and M31

Celestial News & Events

This Week's Sky at a Glance, September 19 – 28

On these dark evenings the Perseus Double Cluster and the Andromeda Galaxy, M31, await in the northeast. They're only two fist-widths apart.

Astronomy and Society

Environmental Exclusions Proposed for U.S. Satellite Industry

In a move that’s concerning astronomers and environmental groups alike, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has proposed reducing environmental oversight of space-based operations.

Pandora's Cluster of galaxies

Black Holes

Early Galaxy Hosts Black Hole with the Mass of 50 Million Suns

Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have confirmed that, just 800 million years after the Big Bang, there is a galaxy that contains a supermassive black hole — and not much else.

Titan shadow transit September 4, 2025

Celestial News & Events

Last Call for a Remarkable Titan Shadow Transit

Titan joins its shadow for a "grand finale" this October.

image of craters on the Moon

Astrobiology

Did Asteroids Once Rain Down on Earth?

A surge of asteroids might have peppered the inner solar system some 800 million years ago, in a short-lived shower that left its mark — literally — on Earth and its neighbors.

Resources and Education

Royal Observatory Greenwich / ZWO Astronomy Photographer of the Year

See the images that won the 2025 Astronomy Photographer of the Year award.

Comet SWAN25B

Celestial News & Events

New Comet SWAN (C/2025 R2) Pops Out from Behind the Sun

Ukrainian amateur discovers a bright, new comet now in the evening sky.

gravitational-wave artwork

Black Holes

Celebrating 10 Years of Gravitational-Wave Discoveries

The LIGO gravitational-wave detector celebrates its 10th birthday with the clearest signal yet from a pair of merging black holes.

Moon-Venus conjunction at dawn with Regulus too, Sept 19, 2025

Celestial News & Events

This Week's Sky at a Glance, September 12 – 21

Venus has double close conjunctions with the crescent Moon and Regulus in the dawn next Friday the 19th. Meanwhile, Saturn and Neptune are coming to opposition.

Cheyava Falls rock on Mars with leopard spots

Astronomy & Observing News

Best Evidence Yet for Past Life on Mars?

The Perseverance has found compounds associated with life on Earth. But whether they indicate life on Mars awaits sample return.

Breezy Hill Stellafane 2025

People, Places, and Events

Attending This Year's Season of Star Parties

S&T editors attended star parties in the past months in various locations around the country to observe with fellow stargazers.

Astronomy and Society

A New Kind of Satellite Could Damage Your Eyes

Reflect Orbital plans to launch gigantic satellites to reflect sunlight into regions where night has already fallen, potentially harming eyes, altering sleep, and blocking the starry sky.

This release features a composite image of Cassiopeia A, a donut-shaped supernova remnant located about 11,000 light-years from Earth. Included in the image is an inset closeup, which highlights a region with relative abundances of silicon and neon. Over three hundred years ago, Cassiopeia A, or Cas A, was a star on the brink of self-destruction. In composition it resembled an onion with layers rich in different elements such as hydrogen, helium, carbon, silicon, sulfur, calcium, and neon, wrapped around an iron core. When that iron core grew beyond a certain mass, the star could no longer support its own weight. The outer layers fell into the collapsing core, then rebounded as a supernova. This explosion created the donut-like shape shown in the composite image. The shape is somewhat irregular, with the thinner quadrant of the donut to the upper left of the off-center hole. In the body of the donut, the remains of the star's elements create a mottled cloud of colors, marbled with red and blue veins. Here, sulfur is represented by yellow, calcium by green, and iron by purple. The red veins are silicon, and the blue veins, which also line the outer edge of the donut-shape, are the highest energy X-rays detected by Chandra and show the explosion's blast wave. The inset uses a different color code and highlights a colorful, mottled region at the thinner, upper left quadrant of Cas A. Here, rich pockets of silicon and neon are identified in the red and blue veins, respectively. New evidence from Chandra indicates that in the hours before the star's collapse, part of a silicon-rich layer traveled outwards, and broke into a neighboring neon-rich layer. This violent breakdown of layers created strong turbulent flows and may have promoted the development of the supernova's blast wave, facilitating the star's explosion. Additionally, upheaval in the interior of the star may have produced a lopsided explosion, resulting in the irregular shape, with an off-center hole (and a thinner bite of donut!) at our upper left.

Astronomy & Observing News

From the Sun to the Stars, Astronomy in Photos

New observations reveal turbulent flows in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A and in the solar corona.

Stellar graveyard graphic for LIGO collaboration's fourth observing run

Black Holes

Scientists Release the Latest Gravitational-wave Detections

The number of gravitational-wave signals has just doubled with the release of the newest catalog of events.

Full Moon and Saturn shining low in the east in twilight, Sept. 7-8, 2025

Celestial News & Events

This Week's Sky at a Glance, September 5 – 14

Saturn nears opposition as the full Moon passes it. Once the Moon goes away, the dark sky offers binocular users the Dumbbell Nebula and the globular M2.

Lumpy Mars mantle

Solar System

Mars Might Have a Surprisingly Large, Solid Core, Marsquakes Reveal

Marsquakes reveal a lumpy, viscous mantle and a large, solid inner core, with profound implications for Mars past, present, and future.

Leftmost of three-panel infrared image of Comet 3I/ATLAS taken by JWST on August 6, 2025. The panel shows the overall infrared image with a bright white core fading to red, orange, and blue.

Solar System

Webb Telescope Finds Interstellar Comet Has Unexpected Composition

Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope have shown the new interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS is surprisingly rich in carbon dioxide.

Comet Lemmon Aug. 25, 2025

Celestial News & Events

Sweet Prospects for Comet Lemmon (C/2025 A6)

A promising comet could reach naked-eye brightness next month. Here's how to track it.

asteroid near Earth

Solar System

Meet 2025 PN7, Earth’s New Quasi-moon

Just discovered, it’s been orbiting the Sun alongside Earth for decades, and will continue to do so for decades more